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Association between IL-6 -174 G/C (rs1800795) and IL-1A -889 C/T (rs1800587) cytokine variants with polycystic ovary syndrome in Iranian women: A case-control study

 

Abstract

Background and Aim

 

Infertility in women has various causes, one of which is ovulation disorders. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affecting ovulation is a complex idiopathic disease in which genetic polymorphisms may be involved. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between IL-6 -174 G/C and IL-1A -889 G/A cytokine polymorphisms with polycystic ovary syndrome in a population of Iranian women

 

link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S037811192400787X?via%3Dihub

 

Unanticipated recurrence of muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A case report

 

ABSTRACT

Muscle-invasive bladder cancer management often involves radical cystectomy, but bladder preservation protocols have gained recognition as a low-morbidity alternative for the management of carefully selected patients. However, close follow-up is crucial for prompt diagnosis of cancer recurrence. We report a case of muscleinvasive bladder cancer managed using a bladder preservation approach. Although cystoscopy and random biopsy findings appeared unremarkable during follow-up, tumor recurrence occurred in the muscular propria without involving the bladder mucosa. This case underscores the importance of revising follow-up protocols to ensure optimal patient care

 

link:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666621925000092

Bilateral testicular mass in a 21-year-old male with a history of congenital adrenal hyperplasia: A case report

 

ABSTRACT

A 21-year-old man was referred because of bilateral testicular swelling from 8 months ago. He had a known history of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21-hydroxylase deficiency) diagnosed in infancy, managed with glucocorticoid therapy since childhood. However, the patient had been non-adherent to medication for several years. The patient underwent surgery with an inguinal incision, and a biopsy from the mass was sent for frozen section. The frozen and permanent sections were consistent with “Testicular adrenal rest tumor (tumor of adrenogenital syndrome)

 

link:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221444202500035X

Left atrial appendage velocity, association with inflammatory indices in non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients

 

Abstract

Introduction: Decreased left atrial appendage emptying velocity (LAAV) is a marker for thrombus formation. This study evaluates the association between LAAV and inflammatory indices in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) patients.

Methods: The study population was 1428 patients with AF, 875 of whom enrolled. Based on the LAAV, patients were divided into three groups of 262 patients with a velocity of <25 cm/s, 360 patients with a velocity of 25 to 55 cm/s, and 253 patients with a velocity of >55 cm/s to assess and compare in terms of inflammatory indices, including the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune inflammation index, neutrophil - to - platelet ratio and white blood cell-to-platelet ratio (WPR).

 

link:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39874020

Effectiveness of the Continuous Care Model on Quality of Life, Sexual Satisfaction and Function in Bladder Cancer Patients Undergoing Tumor Resection Surgery: A randomized control trial

 

Abstract

Background

Bladder cancer is a global health concern, and while surgery is vital, it often diminishes patient quality of life, notably sexual function. Existing self-care education is insufficient, necessitating a more holistic approach. The Continuous Care Model (CCM), which emphasizes patient empowerment, shows promise. This study
investigates a CCM intervention that includes sexual health education to improve quality of life (QoL) and sexual satisfaction in bladder cancer patients
 
 

A Review on Radiologic Hot Cross Bun Sign and Related Clinical Conditions

 

Abstract

The hot cross bun (HCB) sign is a cruciform-shaped hyperintensity on axial T2 weighted-image magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), mostly reported with multiple system atrophy (MSA). However, several other diagnoses were reported with this radiologic manifestation as well. This review investigates the wide spectrum of disorders in which the HCB sign has been reported as a positive radiologic manifestation. This narrative review was conducted using the PubMed database. Studies reporting the HCB sign in their manuscript are included in this manuscript. 83 studies with available full text met the inclusion criteria for this review. The total number of reported patients with HCB sign is addressed in the manuscript. In addition to MSA, the HCB sign has been reported in various other disorders, including spinocerebellar ataxia, malignancies, infections, autoimmune disorders, and some vascular and ischemic changes. Any disorder involving the pontocerebellar fibers can manifest the HCB sign following the gliosis changes or infarction-mediated damage to the region, whether due to gliosis changes. The range of diseases linked to the HCB sign is broader than previously recognized, as numerous disorders affect the transverse pontocerebellar fibers and cause radiologic HCB manifestation. MSA remains the most common condition; however, clinicians should consider alternate differential diagnoses in patients displaying the HCB sign in whom clinical presentation is not typical of MSA.

Keywords: Hot cross bun sign; Multiple system atrophy; Neurology; Radiology; Spinocerebellar ataxia

link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40117078

The protective effect of bromelain on testicular dysfunction and oxidative stress induced by REM sleep deprivation in adult male rats

Abstract

Male infertility is a significant global health concern, with sleep deprivation emerging as a potential contributing factor due to its impact on oxidative stress and reproductive function. This study investigates the protective effects of bromelain, a natural anti-inflammatory enzyme, on testicular dysfunction induced by Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation in adult male rats. Thirty-six rats were divided into control, REM sleep-deprived (REM-dep), and REM-deprived with bromelain treatment (REM-dep+Br) groups. REM sleep deprivation was induced for a 21-day period using the flower pot technique, with concurrent oral administration of bromelain (200 mg/kg) throughout this period. Finally, sperm parameters, testicular stereology, antioxidant markers (Nrf-2, γ-GCS, and GSH), and inflammatory/apoptotic markers (TNF-α, and Caspase-3) were evaluated across study groups. REM sleep deprivation significantly reduced sperm count, motility (total, and progressive), and normal morphology while increasing DNA fragmentation compared to control group. Testicular stereology revealed decreased spermatogenic cells, Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and Johnsen scores. Bromelain administration significantly improved total sperm motility, increased spermatid numbers, and restored Leydig cell counts compared to REM-dep group. Antioxidant markers (Nrf-2, γ-GCS, GSH) were significantly reduced in the REM-dep group but restored with bromelain treatment. Immunohistochemistry showed elevated TNF-α and Caspase-3 expression in the REM-dep group, which was mitigated by bromelain administration. These findings suggest that REM sleep deprivation induces testicular dysfunction through oxidative stress and inflammation, while bromelain exerts protective effects via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study highlights bromelain as a potential protective /therapeutic agent for mitigating sleep deprivation-induced male reproductive dysfunction.
 

The predictive value of CRP/albumin ratio (CAR) in the diagnosis of ischemia in myocardial perfusion scintigraphyEl valor predictivo del cociente CRP/albúmina en el diagnóstico de la cardiopatía isquémica, mediante gammagrafía de perfusión miocárdica

 

Abstract

Introduction and objectives

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and finding cheap and accurate screening tests is crucial. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of C-reactive protein (CRP)/albumin ratio (CAR) in the diagnosis of IHD using myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI).

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, a total of 112 patients were investigated to find any relationship between CAR and myocardial ischemia by using myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. Data were analyzed using SPSS, with a P-value below 0.05 considered statistically significant.
 

Assessment of laparotomy-induced stress response in opium- and morphine-addicted rats by measuring serum glucose and corticosterone levels: an animal

experiment

 

Background: Surgical procedures induce stress responses similar to severe illnesses, activating the metabolic and neuroendocrine systems, especially the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. The resulting cortisol surge maintains homeostasis but can adversely affect recovery by elevating blood glucose levels and increasing the risk of complications. Given the high prevalence of opium use, especially in the Middle East and southwestern Asia, and its suspected impact on HPA axis function, this study assesses corticosterone (CS) and glucose as indicators of impaired neuroendocrine responses to surgical stress in an animal model with chronic opioid use. Materials and methods: Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups: morphine-addicted, opiumaddicted, and control. Addiction was induced by administering increasing doses of morphine or opium in drinking water, as verified by naloxone injections. Laparotomy was performed under ketamine and xylazine anesthesia. Blood samples were collected postsurgery and post-recovery to measure the CS and glucose levels. Results: This study included 30 rats, with 10 rats per group. Post-surgery, mean CS levels were higher in the control group compared to the addicted groups, although not significantly higher. Thirty minutes post-recovery, CS levels remained elevated in the addicted groups. Mean glucose levels were significantly higher in the control group both immediately and 30 minutes post-recovery, indicating a sustained hyperglycemic response. No significant differences were observed between addicted groups in glucose levels.

Keywords: animal study, laparotomy, morphine, opium, rat, surgical stress response

 

Investigating the effect of Lactobacillus crispatus extract on the expression of Axin2 and GSK3β genes from Wnt pathway in uterine cell line

 

Abstract

Introduction and aim

The Wnt1 signaling pathway is recognized for its involvement in cell growth as well as its capacity to trigger apoptosis. A variety of research has underscored the effect of Lactobacillus populations on uterine health, especially in the context of embryo implantation. This study seeks to explore how bacillus extracts affect the expression of Wnt1 genes in the context of recurrent miscarriage, with a particular emphasis on endometrial stem cells (ENSC).

Material and method

A preparation of Lactobacillus crispatus extract was created, and the ENSC cell line was grown in specialized media containing different concentrations of the bacterial extract and subjected to various incubation times. Total RNA was isolated from the cultured cells, which was then used to synthesize cDNA. Real-time PCR was performed with specific primer pairs targeting Axin2 and GSK3β, in addition to amplifying a suitable housekeeping gene for uterine tissue. The results were evaluated using SPSS and LinReg software.

Results

The application of the crispatus extract to the ENSC cell line led to a notable increase in the expression of Axin2, whereas GSK3β demonstrated a non-significant rise within the Wnt1 pathway (p value = 0.001). It was observed that the bacterial extract displayed a quantifiable level of cytotoxicity at elevated concentrations. The findings revealed that the expression of the Axin2 gene was significantly greater than that of GSK3β (p value = 0.001). No significant changes in gene expression were observed in the untreated ENSC cell lines.

Conclusion

A more comprehensive insight into the effects of bacterial extracts on the active genes involved in biochemical pathways within endometrial tissue could aid in the formulation of
probiotic approaches and therapies for recurrent miscarriage, as these genes play a significant role in this condition
 

A Review on Radiologic Hot Cross Bun Sign and Related Clinical Conditions

 

Abstract

The hot cross bun (HCB) sign is a cruciform-shaped hyperintensity on axial T2 weighted-image magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), mostly reported with multiple system atrophy (MSA). However, several other diagnoses were reported with this radiologic manifestation as well. This review investigates the wide spectrum of disorders in which the HCB sign has been reported as a positive radiologic manifestation. This narrative review was conducted using the PubMed database. Studies reporting the HCB sign in their manuscript are included in this manuscript. 83 studies with available full text met the inclusion criteria for this review. The total number of reported patients with HCB sign is addressed in the manuscript. In addition to MSA, the HCB sign has been reported in various other disorders, including spinocerebellar ataxia, malignancies, infections, autoimmune disorders, and some vascular and ischemic changes. Any disorder involving the pontocerebellar fibers can manifest the HCB sign following the gliosis changes or infarction-mediated damage to the region, whether due to gliosis changes. The range of diseases linked to the HCB sign is broader than previously recognized, as numerous disorders affect the transverse pontocerebellar fibers and cause radiologic HCB manifestation. MSA remains the most common condition; however, clinicians should consider alternate differential diagnoses in patients displaying the HCB sign in whom clinical presentation is not typical of MSA.

 

 
Management challenges in renal arteriovenous malformation mimicking AVF/pseudoaneurysm without trauma or pathological cause
 
ABSTRACT
 
Renal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare and often pose diagnostic and management challenges, especially in the absence of trauma or underlying pathology. We report a case of a 33-year-old male with a longstanding renal artery aneurysm who presented with flank pain. Imaging revealed a high-flow renal AVM with multiple aneurysms, the largest measuring 30 mm. An attempted embolization was aborted due to the risk of pulmonary embolism. Open surgical repair was performed, involving ligation of the affected arterial branches. This case highlights the complexities in managing non-traumatic renal AVMs and the role of surgery when endovascular treatment is not feasible.  
 
 
link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40612243/

Epidemiology and clinical features of Huntington's disease in MENASA region: A systematic review and meta-analysis

 

Abstract

BackgroundGiven the scarcity of comprehensive data on Huntington's disease in many Asian and African countries, it is more effective to focus on specific regions where there is a significant concentration of available data.ObjectiveThis study decided to evaluate the epidemiology and features of Huntington's disease in countries of the Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia (MENASA) regions.MethodsIn this meta-analysis, the limited maximum likelihood (REML) approach was applied to the estimated point prevalence mentioned in original studies of each MENASA country. Additionally, research on Huntington's disease characteristics in each nation was utilized to give a general picture of the disease's status in those nations.ResultsThe pooled point prevalence estimation of the prevalence studies was 8.64 per 100,000 (95% CI, -0.04-17.33; I2 = 100%). Among 14 cohort and cross-sectional studies on individuals with Huntington's disease in the MENASA region, 5.61% of the patients had juvenile-onset Huntington's disease, and 2.3% had late-onset Huntington's disease. In addition, 68.58%, 17.82%, and 45.17% of the individuals were reported with motor symptoms at the onset, abnormal cognitive assessment scores, and degrees of psychological disturbance, respectively. The mean age at onset was 44.85 years, and the mean number of pathologic CAG repeats was 45.46.ConclusionsNotable differences in the frequency of symptoms of onset and pooled prevalence of HD in the MENASA region probably address a serious lack of sufficient information. The results would help clinicians and governments develop public health strategies, and further research could be conducted on these results.

Keywords: Huntington's disease; Middle East; North Africa; South Asia; epidemiology. 

link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40605514/

Approach to Oculomotor Apraxia: A Syndromic Approach to Genetic Causes

 

Abstract

 

Background: Oculomotor apraxia (OMA), the clinical manifestation of impaired voluntary initiation of saccadic eye movements, has long been associated with several disorders and genetic mutations in the literature.

Objectives: The present study aims to review all the disorders and genetic mutations associated with OMA reported in the literature.

Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for related keywords, and related publications from January 2000 to January 2024 were reviewed.

Results: All the disorders and genetic mutations presented with OMA in the literature were reported. Clinical manifestations of the congenital disorders- particularly members of autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias- including Joubert syndrome, ataxia with oculomotor apraxia, ataxia-telangiectasia, and other disorders were discussed, Additionally, the pathophysiology of the genetic mutations in the anatomical pathway of OMA is discussed in this paper.

Conclusions: Most of the cases with OMA present this sign early in their disease course; thus, evaluating the possible differential diagnoses can guide clinicians to a more accurate diagnosis. Understanding the spectrum of disorders and clinical manifestations with OMA also provides valuable insights into further clinic-pathological and genetic evaluations of this clinical manifestation.

Keywords: Genetic; Movement disorders; Ocular motor apraxia; Oculomotor apraxia.

 

link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40526232/

 


 

 
 

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