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Chronic Administration of Lisdexamfetamine Induces Apoptosis and Inflammation and Reduces Sperm Quality in Adult Male Rats

 

Abstract
Concerns have been raised about potentially irreversible brain damage and damage to the neuroendocrine system during development when treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with lisdexamfetamine (LDX), a norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitor. This study aims to elucidate the potential adverse effects of LDX on the male reproductive system due to its widespread use and potential for abuse. In this study, adult male rats were randomized into control and LDX groups. Thirty milligrams per kilogram LDX was administered orally for 3 weeks. After isolation of epididymal spermatozoa, the rats were euthanized and testicular tissues were collected for stereological and molecular analyses. The LDX group showed a decrease in sperm motility and an increase in DNA fragmentation compared to the control group. There was also a dramatic decrease in testosterone in the LDX group. Testicular expression of caspase-3 and TNF-α was significantly increased in the LDX group. According to our findings, prolonged use of LDX leads to reduced sperm quality. It also induces apoptosis, inflammatory response, and pathological changes in the testicular tissue. What we have observed in this study is noteworthy but requires further investigation, particularly in people who use LDX over a longer period of time.
 
 
Expression assay of calcium signaling related lncRNAs in autism
 
Abstract
Background: Calcium signaling has essential roles in the neurodevelopmental processes and pathophysiology of related disorders for instance autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods and results: We compared expression of SLC1A1, SLC25A12, RYR2 and ATP2B2, as well as related long non-coding RNAs, namely LINC01231, lnc-SLC25A12, lnc-MTR-1 and LINC00606 in the peripheral blood of patients with ASD with healthy children. Expression of SLC1A1 was lower in ASD samples compared with control samples (Expression ratio (95% CI) 0.24 (0.08-0.77), adjusted P value = 0.01). Contrary, expression of LINC01231 was higher in cases compared with control samples (Expression ratio (95% CI) 25.52 (4.19-154), adjusted P value = 0.0006) and in male cases compared with healthy males (Expression ratio (95% CI) 28.24 (1.91-418), adjusted P value = 0.0009). RYR2 was significantly over-expressed in ASD children compared with control samples (Expression ratio (95% CI) 4.5 (1.16-17.4), adjusted P value = 0.029). Then, we depicted ROC curves for SLC1A1, LINC01231, RYR2 and lnc-SLC25A12 transcripts showing diagnostic power of 0.68, 0.75, 0.67 and 0.59, respectively. Conclusion: To sum up, the current study displays possible role of calcium related genes and lncRNAs in the development of ASD.
 
Keywords: ATP2B2; Autism spectrum disorder; LINC00606; LINC01231; RYR2; SLC1A1; SLC25A12; lnc-MTR-1; lnc-SLC25A12; lncRNA.
 
 

Emerging Role of miRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Periodontitis

 
Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to participate in the pathogenesis of several immune-related conditions through the modulation of the expression of cytokine coding genes and other molecules that affect the activity of the immune system. Periodontitis is an example of these conditions associated with the dysregulation of several miRNAs. Several miRNAs such as let-7 family, miR-125, miR-378, miR-543, miR-302, miR-214, miR-200, miR-146, miR-142, miR-30 and miR-21 have been shown to be dysregulated in patients with periodontitis. miR-146 is the most assessed miRNA in these patients, which is up-regulated in most studies in patients with periodontitis. In the present review, we describe the impact of miRNAs dysregulation on the pathoetiology of periodontitis.

 

Keywords: MicroRNA; biomarker; diagnose; expression; pathogenesis.; periodontitis.

 

Link: https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/124570

bstract

Management of Anterior Urethral Stricture: A Survey of Contemporary Practice of Iranian Urologists

 

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate Iranian urologists’ approach to urethral stricture and assess how often they select open urethroplasty over minimally invasive procedures.

 
Keywords: Urethral stricture, Urethroplasty, Urologist, Urethrotomy
 
 

Novel blood and tissue-based mitochondrial D-loop mutations detected in an Iranian NAFLD patient cohort

 

Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly prevalent chronic liver disease characterized by an elusive etiology. In its advanced stages, this condition can pose life-threatening implications. Mitochondrial dysfunction due to its impact on hepatic lipid homeostasis, cytokine release, ROS production, and cell death, contributes to the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Previous research reveals a direct link between NAFLD genetic predictors and mitochondrial dysfunction. The emphasis on the D-loop stems from its association with impaired mtDNA replication, underscoring its crucial role in NAFLD progression. We included 38 Iranian NAFLD patients (comprising 16 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver [NAFL] and 22 patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [NASH]), with matched blood and liver tissue samples collected from each to compare variations in the mitochondrial D-loop sequence within samples. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop region was amplified using PCR, and variations were identified through sequencing. The resultant sequences were compared with the reference sequence of human mtDNA available in the MITOMAP Database for comparative analysis. In this study, 97 somatic mutations in the mtDNA D-loop region were identified in NAFLD patients. Our study revealed significant difference between the NAFLD patients and control group in 13 detected mutations (P ≤ 0.05). Novel mutations were discovered in hepatic tissues, while mutation 16220-16221ins C was found in both tissues and blood. A significant difference was found in the distribution of D310 and mt514-mt523 (CA)n repeat variations between NAFLD patients and the control group (P < 0.001). C to T and T to C transitions were the prevalent substitution among patients. Identification of the 16220-16221ins C mutation in both blood and tissue samples from NAFLD patients holds substantial promise as a potential diagnostic marker. However, further research is imperative to corroborate these findings.

 

Keywords: Biomarker; Diagnosis; Mitochondrial DNA D-Loop; Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; Single Nucleotide Polymorphism.

 

Link:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1567724924000461?via%3Dihub

Shear Wave Elastography in Assessing Spongiofibrosis of Urethral Stricture: Is It Clinically Useful?

 

Abstract

Rationale and objectives: To compare urethral stricture shear wave elastography (SWE) with normal areas and assess its association with other explanatory variables.

 

Keywords: Elasticity imaging techniques; Fibroses; Sonoelastography; Ultrasonography; Urethral stricture.

 

Link:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38508938/

Human-derived Tumor-On-Chip model to study the heterogeneity of breast cancer tissue

 

Abstract

One of the leading causes that complicate the treatment of some malignancies, including breast cancer, is tumor heterogeneity. In addition to inter-heterogeneity and intra-heterogeneity of tumors that reflect the differences between cancer cell characteristics, heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in tumor progression and could be considered an overlooked and a proper target for the effective selection of therapeutic approaches. Due to the difficulty of completely capturing tumor heterogeneity in conventional detection methods, Tumor-on-Chip (TOC) devices with culturing patient-derived spheroids could be an appropriate alternative. In this research, human-derived spheroids from breast cancer individuals were cultured for 6 days in microfluidic devices. To compare TOC data with conventional detection methods, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and ITRAQ data were employed, and various protein expressions were validated using the transcriptomic databases. The behavior of the spheroids in the collagen matrix and the cell viability were monitored over 6 days of culture. IHC and immunocytochemistry (ICC) results revealed that inter and intra-heterogeneity of tumor spheroids are associated with HER2/ER expression. HER2 expression levels revealed a more important biomarker associated with invasion in the 3D culturing of spheroids. The expression levels of CD163 (as a marker for Ma2 macrophages) and CD44 (a marker for cancer stem cells (CSCs)) were also evaluated. Interestingly, the levels of M2a macrophages and CSCs were higher in triple-negative specimens and samples that showed higher migration and invasion. Cell density and extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness were also important factors affecting the migration and invasion of the spheroids through the matrix. Among these, rigid ECM revealed a more crucial role than cell density. To sum up, these research findings demonstrated that human-derived spheroids from breast cancer specimens in microfluidic devices provide a dynamic condition for predicting tumor heterogeneity in patients, which can help move the field forward for better and more accurate therapeutic strategies.

 

Keywords: Breast cancer; Human-derived tumor spheroid; Microfluidics; Tumor heterogeneity; Tumor-On-Chip; Tumor-associated macrophage; cancer stem cell.

 

Link:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38878646/

Prevalence and clinical significance of incidental findings in chest and abdominopelvic CT scans of trauma patients; A cross-sectional study

 

Abstract

Background

Imaging may inadvertently reveal pathologies unrelated to their performing purpose, known as incidental findings (IF). This study aimed to assess the prevalence, clinical significance, and documentation of IFs in chest and abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) scans of trauma patients.

 

Keywords: Communication; Computed tomography; Emergency imaging; Incidental findings; Multiple trauma; Patient safety; Public health surveillance; Wound and injuries.

 

Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38901332/

Two-Stage Radical Cystoprostatectomy in a Complicated Patient: A Case Report

 

 

Abstract

Introduction:

Radical cystectomy plays the main role in the treatment of muscle-invasive and high-grade bladder cancers; however, it still has significant rates of perioperative complications and mortality. The risk of complications is higher in elderly patients with multiple comorbidities. In certain patients, due to simultaneous comorbidities, it becomes challenging to perform long-term orthotopic radical cystectomy surgery.
 
 

Keywords: Urinary diversion, Hematuria, Bladder Cancer, Cystectomy

 

Link: https://brieflands.com/articles/ijcm-146426

Identification of miRNA-Target Gene-Transcription Factor Regulatory Network as Functional Motifs Involved in Glomerular Diabetic Nephropathy

 

Abstract

The gene regulatory approach based on retrieving information from the database provides a detailed characterization of the molecular mechanisms of disease progression at the level of miRNAs, Transcription Factors (TFs), and genes. Moreover, gene regulatory networks can find an interaction between the miRNAs, TFs, and genes involved in diabetic nephropathy (DN), but the underlying mechanisms of motif remain unclear. We first gathered genes related to glomeruli diabetic nephropathy from GEO and CTD database. Besides, miRNAs targeting genes were collected from the public databases and GEO. Furthermore, regulator TFs were accumulated from related public databases. After that, we explored the regulatory relationships between TF-miRNA, miRNA-Gene, TF-Gene, and miRNA–TF using FANMOD software. Finally, a gene regulatory network consisting of miRNAs, genes, and TFs was constructed, helping the Cytoscape. The global const parameter in FANMOD software used to discover the interaction between miRNAs, genes, TFs, and 3-node regulatory motif types were detected in the resulting network. Among them, it led to the discovery of the two-node feedback motif (2FB) in charge of the up-regulation of miRNA-target gene-TF and TF-mediated cascade motif and co-pointing motif (COP) responsible for the down-regulation of miRNA-target gene–TF. In this study, we found a correlation between miRNAs, TFs, and target genes using a gene regulatory network. We revealed the candidate 3-node motifs associated with the progression of DN. Therefore, detected molecular mechanisms, as well as the relationship between previous studies, demonstrated targets that can help in the discovery of a novel treatment for DN.

 

Keywords: diabetic nephropathy ,transcription factor , miRNA, motif ,gene regulatory network

 

Link: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S1022795424700261

 

TNF-α, and TNFRs in gastrointestinal cancers

Abstract

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a role in the hemostasis of the immune system, inflammation, and cell proliferation. However, it can also have a dark side as it is involved in pro-inflammatory cytokines and pathological processes such as cell growth and death, autoimmunity, and inflammation, leading to a wide range of chronic inflammatory diseases, including digestive cancer. TNF-alpha binds to two distinct receptors, TNFRI and TNFRII. Upon binding of the ligand to these receptors, TNF receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) are recruited to the cytoplasmic receptor, triggering the activation of transcription factors such as NF-kB and Activator protein 1 (AP_1). In contrast, binding of cytokines to certain family members, such as TNF RI and Fas Ligand (Fas L), leads to the secretion and initiation of apoptosis. Gastrointestinal malignancies are among the most common types of cancer globally. Despite extensive research, the exact cause of these tumors remains a mystery. Unfortunately, they often have a poor prognosis and are often detected at a late stage. The global incidence of gastrointestinal cancers, including those of the stomach, esophagus, colon, liver, and pancreas, is on the rise, leading to a surge in both incidence and mortality. Growth factors and cytokines, which are signaling molecules found in the tumor microenvironment, are thought to be major contributors to the development and metastasis of these cancers. In this review, we explored the role of TNF-α, and its receptors in the development of digestive cancers, including its signaling pathways and functions.
 
 

Unmet Needs, Pain, Shame, Regret, and Loss of Identity among Men with Urethral Injuries Resulting from Traffic Accidents; A Qualitative Study

Introduction

Urethral injuries are the most severe injuries caused by high-energy mechanisms such as traffic accidents, which have significant long-term serious consequences on the quality of life of the injured.

Objectives

Exploration of lived experiences of urethral injury in traffic accident victims is the main goal of this study.

 

Keywords: Injury, Qualitative study, Traffic accident, Trauma

 

Link: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11136-024-03862-2

Unraveling Cancer Progression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma through Regulatory Network Analysis; miRNA-Target Gene Interaction

 

Abstract

Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRs) plays an essential role in tumor progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) through altering target genes’ function and expression. This study aims to investigate the regulatory network of the miR-target gene involved in cancer progression to find key miRs and target genes. We used OSCC transcriptomic data obtained from GSE28100. To find the critical target genes shared between the miRs, we used miRecord and mirTarBase databases and analyzed the regulatory of miR-target genes using network analysis by Cytoscape. We selected 11 miRs and assessed their expression with qRT-PCR in 10 OSCC tissue samples compared to normal oral tissues. UACLAN database was applied to find the expression of these 11 miRs and their overall survival in OSCC. We found that eight miRNAs were upregulated, and three of them were down-regulated. The highest expression level belonged to miR-10b. The other up-regulated microRNAs were miR-196a, miR-103, miR-21, miR-31, miR-494, miR-9 and miR-200c. Three miRs that were downregulated are miR-195, miR-133a, and miR-221. Expression data of the UACLAN database confirmed the transcriptomic data. The miR-target gene network of 11 miRs released some crucial molecules, including miR-21, miR-9, miR-196a, miR-221, miR-133a, CDK6, ZEB1, MYC, E2F3, RHOA, SP1, and CCND1. Our analysis showed that miRNAs can be suggested as potential biomarkers for prognosis and predicting the OSCC progression.

 

Link: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S0026893324060025

Effects of kisspeptin on the maturation of human ovarian primordial follicles in vitro

 

Summary

At this time, with advances in medical science, many cancers and chronic diseases are treatable, but one of their side effects is infertility. Some women also want to delay pregnancy for personal reasons. There has been some evidence that kisspeptin activates broad signals by binding to its receptor, suggesting that the role of kisspeptin in direct control of ovarian function includes follicle growth and steroid production. In this study, the effect of kisspeptin on improving the quality and results for human ovarian follicles was investigated. A section of ovary was removed laparoscopically from women between 20 and 35 years of age (n = 12). Pieces were divided randomly into two groups, control and treatment (with 1 μM kisspeptin). Real-time PCR was performed for GDF9, BMP15 and mTOR gene expression assessments. Western blotting was carried out to measure AKT and FOXO3a protein expression. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test; means were considered significantly different at a P-value < 0.05. During treatment with the kisspeptin group, maturity genes are expressed. Therefore, kisspeptin is an effective substance to improve the quality of the human ovarian medium as it increases the maturity of follicles.

 

Keywords: BMP15Follicle maturationGDF9Human ovarian folliclesKisspeptin

 

link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38099429/

Role of clinicopathological variables in predicting recurrence and survival outcomes after surgery for non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract
 
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents 2% of all diagnosed malignancies worldwide, with disease recurrence affecting 20% to 40% of patients. Existing prognostic recurrence models based on clinicopathological features continue to be a subject of controversy. In this meta-analysis, we summarized research findings that explored the correlation between clinicopathological characteristics and post-surgery survival outcomes in non-metastatic RCC patients. Our analysis incorporates 99 publications spanning 140 568 patients. The study's main findings indicate that the following clinicopathological characteristics were associated with unfavorable survival outcomes: T stage, tumor grade, tumor size, lymph node involvement, tumor necrosis, sarcomatoid features, positive surgical margins (PSM), lymphovascular invasion (LVI), early recurrence, constitutional symptoms, poor performance status (PS), low hemoglobin level, high body-mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension. All of which emerged as predictors for poor recurrence-free survival (RFS) and cancer-specific survival. Clear cell (CC) subtype, urinary collecting system invasion (UCSI), capsular penetration, perinephric fat invasion, renal vein invasion (RVI) and increased C-reactive protein (CRP) were all associated with poor RFS. In contrast, age, sex, tumor laterality, nephrectomy type and approach had no impact on survival outcomes. As part of an additional analysis, we attempted to assess the association between these characteristics and late recurrences (relapses occurring more than 5 years after surgery). Nevertheless, we did not find any prediction capabilities for late disease recurrences among any of the features examined. Our findings highlight the prognostic significance of various clinicopathological characteristics potentially aiding in the identification of high-risk RCC patients and enhancing the development of more precise prediction models.
 
Keywords: RCC; clinicopathological; late recurrence; recurrence; survival.
 

Clinical decision rules in predicting computed tomography scan findings and need for neurosurgical intervention in mild traumatic brain injury: a prospective observational study

 

Abstract

In this study, we will compare the diagnostic values of head CT decision rules in predicting the findings of CT scans in a prospective multicenter study in university emergency departments in Iran.

Methods

The primary outcome was any traumatic lesion findings in brain CT scans, and the secondary outcomes were death, the need for mechanical ventilation, and neurosurgical intervention. Decision rules including the Canadian CT Head Rule (CCHR), New Orleans Criteria (NOC), National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study (NEXUS), and Neurotraumatology Committee of the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (NCWFNS) were compared for the main outcomes.

Results

In total, 434 mild TBI patients were enrolled in the study. The NCWFNS had the highest sensitivity (91.14%) and the lowest specificity (39.42%) for predicting abnormal finding in CT scan compared to other models. While the NICE obtained the lowest sensitivity (79.75%), it was associated with the highest specificity (66.67%). All model performances were improved when administered to predict neurosurgical intervention among patients with GCS 13–15. NEXUS (AUC 0.862, 95% CI 0.799–0.924) and NCWFNS (AUC 0.813, 95% CI 0.723–0.903) had the best performance among all evaluated models.

 

link:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37747501/

Effect of Postoperative Kinesio Taping on Knee Edema, Pain, and Range of Motion After Total Knee Arthroplasty and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Abstract

Background: Kinesio taping (KT) has been shown to be clinically effective in a wide range of musculoskeletal disorders. Despite evidence supporting KT, there still needs to be more certainty regarding its clinical worthiness in managing postoperative conditions. This study aims to assess the effect of postoperative KT on knee edema, pain, and range of motion (ROM) when added to routine physiotherapy after knee surgery.

Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and CENTRAL databases were searched from their inception to July 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing routine physiotherapy with and without KT were included. Random-effect models were used to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD), confidence interval, and heterogeneity (I2).

Results: Sixteen RCTs on 842 operated knees were included. KT reduced knee edema in first week (SMD, -0.59, p < 0.001), 14th postoperative day (POD) (SMD, -0.78, p < 0.001), and 28 to 42 days postop (SMD, -0.66, p < 0.001). The KT demonstrated significant pain improvement in second week (SMD, -0.87, p < 0.001) and the fourth week (SMD, -0.53, p < 0.001). The KT groups demonstrated ROM improvement within second week (SMD, 0.69, p = 0.010) and in the 28th POD (SMD, 0.89, p = 0.009). Subgroup analysis demonstrated minimal heterogeneity in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) cases. However, it did not show significant superiority regarding ankle, calf, or thigh edema and Lysholm scale.

 

DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.RVW.23.00221

Effects of Electrospun Nanofibers on Motor Function Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

 

Abstract

Nanofibers made by electrospinning have been used as bridging materials in animal models to regenerate nerves after spinal cord injury (SCI). In this meta-analysis study, we investigated the effect of these nanofibers on the motor function of animals after SCI. An extensive search in databases was performed. After primary and secondary screening, data included functional behavior, expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament-200 (NF-200), and β-tubulin III were taken from the articles. The quality control of the articles, statistical analysis, and subgroup analysis were performed. The results from 14 articles and 16 separate experiments showed that electrospun nanofibers used alone could improve motor behavior and reduce glial injury after SCI.

Keywords: Animal models; Electrospinning; Functional recovery; GFAP; Neurofilament-200; Polymeric nanofibers; Spinal cord injury.

 

link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37852475/

Urinary function in female patients after traditional, organ-sparing and nerve-sparing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: a systematic review and pooled analysis

 

Abstract

Objectives: To determine and summarize the available data on urinary, sexual, and health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) outcomes after traditional radical cystectomy (RC), reproductive organ-preserving RC (ROPRC) and nerve-sparing RC (NSRC) for bladder cancer (BCa) in female patients.

Methods: The PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases were searched to identify studies reporting functional outcomes in female patients undergoing RC and urinary diversion for the treatment of BCa. The outcomes of interest were voiding function (for orthotopic neobladder [ONB]), sexual function and HRQOL. The following independent variables were derived and included in the meta-analysis: pooled rate of daytime and nighttime continence/incontinence, and intermittent self-catheterization (ISC) rates. Analyses were performed separately for traditional, organ- and/or nerve-sparing surgical approaches.

Results: Fifty-three studies comprising 2740 female patients (1201 traditional RC and 1539 organ-/nerve-sparing RC, and 264 nerve-sparing-alone RC) were eligible for qualitative synthesis; 44 studies comprising 2418 female patients were included in the quantitative synthesis. In women with ONB diversion, the pooled rates of daytime continence after traditional RC, ROPRC and NSRC were 75.2%, 79.3% and 71.2%, respectively. The pooled rate of nighttime continence after traditional RC was 59.5%; this rate increased to 70.7% and 71.7% in women who underwent ROPRC and NSRC, respectively. The pooled rate of ISC after traditional RC with ONB diversion in female patients was 27.6% and decreased to 20.6% and 16.8% in patients undergoing ROPRC and NSRC, respectively. The use of different definitions and questionnaires in the assessment of postoperative sexual and HRQOL outcomes did not allow a systematic comparison.

Conclusions: Female organ- and nerve-sparing surgical approaches during RC seem to result in improved voiding function. There is a significant need for well-designed studies exploring sexual and HRQOL outcomes to establish evidence-based management strategies to support a shared decision-making process tailored towards patient expectations and satisfaction. Understanding expected functional, sexual and quality-of-life outcomes is necessary to allow individualized pre- and postoperative counselling and care delivery in female patients planned to undergo RC.

Keywords: QoL; females; functional; radical cystectomy; sexual.

 

link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37562831/

 

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